Mantu starts a month with provisions expected to last for the entire month. After few days, it is discovered that the provisions will, infact short by 12 days and it is calculated that if the stock of provisions left is immediately tripled, it will be possible to exactly make up for the shortfall. If the stock of provisions left is doubled instead of being tripled, and simultaneously the strength of the Mantu is decreased by 25%, then the provisions will fall short by
Answer: A At the moment the shortfall is discovered, let there be n days worth of provision left. Now, 3n -n = 2n extra days worth of provisions lasts for the 12 additional days. => 3n lasts for 18 days i.e 18 days are left for the month to end. But if the provisions are only doubled and the strength becomes 3/4 th, then the provisions will last for 12 * 4/3 => 16 days. i.e short fall of 18-16 = 2days.
Q. No. 8:
A shopkeeper sells three items P,Q and R and incurs a loss of 21%, 11% and 10% respectively. The overall loss percentage on selling P and Q items is 14.33% and that of Q and R items is 10.4%. Find the overall loss percentage on selling the three items?
Answer: B Let the cost of the item P = Rs p Let the cost of the item Q = Rs q Let the cost of the item R = Rs r SP of the item P =0.79p SP of the item Q =0.89q SP of the item R =0.9r Overall loss percentage of the 1st two items = 14.33% => (0.21p + 0.11q)/(p+q) = 0.1433 => p/q = 1/2.............(i) Overall loss percentage of the 2nd and 3rd item = 10.4% => (0.11q+ 0.1r)/(q+r) = 0.104 => q/r = 2/3.............(ii) Overall loss percentage => {(0.21p + 0.11q + 0.1 r)/(p+q+r) }*100 => {1(0.21) + 2(0.11) + 3(0.1)}/(1+2+3) * 100 => 0.1216 * 100 = 12.16 %
Q. No. 9:
After offering a discount of 37.5%, Pankaj sold the rice at a profit of 25%. Had he offered a discount of 41.67%, his profit or loss percent would have been
Answer: A Let the marked price of the rice = 8p Discount = 37.5% = (3/8) MP Selling price = 8p- (3/8)*8p = 5p 5p = CP + (25/100) CP => CP = 4p If he had offered a discount of 41.67% = 5/12 SP = 8p - (5/12)*8p = 14p/3 Profit = 14p/3 - 4p = 2p/3 Profit percentage = (2p/3) / (4p) * 100 = 100/6 % = 16.66%.
Q. No. 10:
A textile manufacturing firm employees 50 looms. It makes fabrics for a branded company. The aggregate sales value of the output of the 50 looms is Rs 5,00,000 and the monthly manufacturing expenses is Rs 1,50,000. Assume that each loom contributes equally to the sales and manufacturing expenses are evenly spread over the number of looms. Monthly establishment charges are Rs 75000. If one loom breaks down and remains idle for one month, the decrease in profit is :
Answer: C Profit = 5,00,000 - (1,50,000 + 75,000) =Rs 2,75,000 Since, such loom contribute equally to sales and manufacturing expenses. But the monthly charges are fixed at Rs 75,000. If one loan breaks down sales and expenses will decrease. New profit = (5,00,000 * 49/50) - (1,50,000 * 49/50) - 75,000 => Rs 2,68,000. Decrease in profit = 2,75,000 - 2,68,000 = Rs 7,000.
Q. No. 11:
A Techno company has 14 machines of equal efficiency in its factory. The annual manufacturing costs are Rs 42,000 and establishment charges are Rs 12,000. The annual output of the company is Rs 70,000. The annual output and manufacturing costs are directly proportional to the number of machines. The shareholders get 12.5% profit, which is directly proportional to the annual output of the company. If 7.14% machines remain closed throughout the year, then the percentage decrease in the amount of profit of the shareholders would be :
Answer: B Original profit = 70,000 - 42,000 - 12,000 = 16,000. If 7.14% of 14 i.e one of the machines closed through out the year, then change in profit will be : = 13/14 * [70,000 - 42,000] = 14,000 Thus, decrease in the profit % = 2000/16,000 * 100 = 12.5%
Q. No. 12:
A small and medium enterprises imports two components A and B from Taiwan and China respectively and assembles them with other components to form a toy. Component A contributes to 10% of production cost. Component B contributes to 20% of the production cost. Usually, the company sells this toy at 20% above the production cost. Due to increase in the raw material and labour cost in both the countries, Component A became 20% costlier and component B became 40% costlier. Owing to these reasons the company increased its selling price by 15%. Considering that cost of other components does not change, what will be the profit percentage, if the toy is sold at the new price ?
Answer: B Let the price of the products be 100. Then, the price of the components A and B will be 10 and 20 respectively. As the profit is 20%, the selling price = 120. Due to increase in the price of raw material, the new costs of components A and B will be 12 ans 28 respectively. The new selling price = 115% of 120 = 138. As, there is no change in the price of the other components, new cost of the products = 110. Thus, new profit = 28/110 * 100 = 25.45 %.