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25.
Come with me to Kiebera: the largest shantytown in sub-Saharan Africa. More than 500,000 people live in this vast illegal section of Nairobi, in mud huts on mud streets, with no fresh water or sanitation. Walk down Kiebera’s sodden pathways and you’ll see a great deal of hunger, poverty, and disease. But you’ll also find health clinics, beauty salons, grocery stores, bars, restaurants, tailors, clothiers, churches, and schools. In the midst of squalor and open sewage, business is booming.
Indeed, Kiebera’s underground economy is so vibrant that it has produced its own squatter millionaire, someone I have known for years. From his start a generation ago selling cigarettes and biscuits from the window of his hut, this Kenyan (he asked to remain unnamed) has assembled an empire that includes pharmacies, groceries, bars, beverage-distribution outlets, transportation and manufacturing firms, and even real estate.
Families flock to Kiebera for the same reason country folk have always migrated to the city–in search of oppurtunity. In the city they find work but not a place to live. So they build illegally on land they don’t own. There are a billion squatters in the world today, almost one in six people on the planet. And their numbers are on the rise. Current projections are that by 2030 there will be two billion squatters, and by 2050, three billion, better than one in three people on the planet.
In itself, it is nothing to worry about, for squatting has long had a positive role in urban development. Many urban neighbourhoods in Europe and North America began as squatter outposts. London and Paris boasted huge swaths of mud and stick homes, even during the glory years of the British and French monarchies. Squatters were a significant force in most U.S. cities too. It would no doubt surprise residents paying millions for coop apartments on Manhattens’ Upper East and West Sides to know that squatters occupied much of the turf under their buildings until the start of the 20th century. ............. from an article by Robert Neuwirth.[1] The author argues that Kiebera becoming the shantytown is not unusual because
(a) Kiebera has many poor people who have come to earn but have no land to live on.
(b) Researchers have predicted that squatters will continue to grow in numbers.
(c) Squatting has long had a positive role in urban development.
(d) All of the above.[2] The prosperity of Kierbera’s underground economy is described by the author through
(a) The description of Kiebera
(b) The description of his friends businesses.
(c) The comparison with co-op apartments of Manhatten
(d) The history of London and Paris.[3] The author puts forward the thesis that
(a) Squatters will continue to rise in numbers in the coming years irrespective of whether they are from poor countries or not.
(b) There is nothing wrong in squatting on the land of a stranger.
(c) London & Paris too are shantytowns.
(d) Even today squatters live under the Manhatten’s coop apartments.[4] What is the most appropriate title for this passage?
(a) Kiebera-Squatters’ Paradise of Nairobi
(b) Squatters of the World
(c) Squatter Cities
(d) Future of Squattersasked in SNAP
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